Global HIV/AIDS Overview

The Global HIV and AIDS Epidemic

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is one of the world’s most serious public health challenges. However, there is a global commitment to stopping new HIV infections and ensuring that everyone with HIV has access to HIV treatment.

The latest statistics on HIV around the world from UNAIDSExit Disclaimer include:

Number of People living with HIV—There were 40.8 million people across the globe living with HIV in 2024. Of these, 39.4 million were adults (>15 years old), and 1.4 million were children (<15 years old). In addition, 53% were women and girls.

New HIV Infections—An estimated 1.3 million individuals worldwide acquired HIV in 2024, marking a 40% decline in new HIV infections since 2010 and a 61% decline since the peak in 1995. New HIV infections, or “HIV incidence,” refers to the estimated number of people who newly acquired HIV during a given period such as a year, which is different from the number of people diagnosed with HIV during a year. (Some people may have HIV but not know it.) Women and girls accounted for 45% of all new HIV infections in 2024.

HIV Testing & Knowledge of HIV Status—Approximately 87% of people living with HIV globally knew their HIV status in 2024. About 5.3 million people did not know they had HIV and still needed access to HIV testing services. HIV testing is an essential gateway to HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support services. The global targetExit Disclaimer for HIV status awareness is 95% by 2025.

HIV Treatment Access—As of the end of 2024, 77% of all people living with HIV (31.6 million people) were accessing antiretroviral therapy (ART) globally. In sub-Saharan Africa, provision of ART resulted in life expectancy increasing from 56.5 years in 2010 to 62.3 in 2024. HIV treatment access is key to the global effort to end AIDS as a public health threat. People living with HIV who are aware of their status, take ART as prescribed, and get and keep an undetectable viral load can live long and healthy lives and will not transmit HIV to their HIV-negative partners through sex. This is sometimes referred to as “undetectable = untransmittable” or U=U. The global targetsExit Disclaimer for 2025 include 95% of all people with diagnosed HIV initiating treatment and 95% of those individuals on treatment achieving and maintaining HIV viral suppression.

HIV Care Continuum—The term HIV care continuum refers to the sequence of steps a person with HIV takes from diagnosis through receiving treatment until their viral load is suppressed to an undetectable level. Each step in the continuum is marked by an assessment of the number of people who have reached that stage. The stages are: being diagnosed with HIV; being linked to medical care; starting ART; adhering to the treatment regimen; and, finally, having HIV suppressed to undetectable levels in the blood. UNAIDS reports that in 2024, among all people living with HIV worldwide (diagnosed and undiagnosed):

• 87% knew their HIV status
• 77% were accessing ART
• 73% were virally suppressed

AIDS-related Deaths—AIDS-related deaths have been reduced by 70% since the peak in 2004. In 2024, around 630,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses worldwide, compared to 2.1 million people in 2004 and 1.4 million in 2010.

Regional Impact—Certain regions of the globe are disproportionately affected by HIV. Of the 40.8 million people living with HIV in 2024,

• 21.1 million people living with HIV lived in eastern and southern Africa
• 5.2 million lived in western and central Africa
• 6.9 million lived in Asia and the Pacific
• 2.5 million lived in Latin America
• 2.4 million lived in Western and Central Europe and North America.

Challenges and Progress

Despite advances in our scientific understanding of HIV and its prevention and treatment, as well as years of significant effort by the global health community and leading government and civil society organizations, too many people living with HIV or at risk for HIV still do not have access to prevention, care, and treatment, and there is still no cure. Further, the HIV epidemic not only affects the health of individuals but also impacts households, communities, and the development and economic growth of nations. Many of the countries hardest hit by HIV also suffer from other infectious diseases, food insecurity, and other serious problems.

Promising signs. Despite these challenges, there have been successes and promising signs. New global efforts have been mounted to address the epidemic, particularly in the last decade. The number of people who have newly acquired HIV has declined over the years. In addition, the number of people living with HIV receiving treatment in resource-poor countries has dramatically increased in the past decade, and dramatic progress has been made in preventing perinatal transmission of HIV and keeping pregnant women alive.

Unequal progress. However, despite the availability of a widening array of effective HIV prevention tools and methods and a massive scale-up of HIV treatment in recent years, UNAIDS cautions there has been unequal progress in reducing new HIV infections, increasing access to treatment, and ending AIDS-related deaths, with many vulnerable people and populations left behind. In addition, HIV-related stigma and discriminationExit Disclaimer, together with other social inequalities and exclusion, continue to be key barriers, and our response to HIV/AIDS across the globe may be in jeopardy without continued commitment and strong partnerships.

U.S. Response to the Global Epidemic

The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is the U.S. Government’s response to the global HIV/AIDS epidemic and represents the largest commitment by any nation to address a single disease in history. Through PEPFAR, which was launched in 2003, the U.S. has supported a world safer and more secure from infectious disease threats. It has demonstrably strengthened the global capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to new and existing risks—which ultimately enhances global health security and protects America’s borders.

Among other global results, as of September 30, 2023, PEPFAR has provided HIV testing services for more than 71.1 million people and supported lifesaving ART for nearly 20.5 million men, women, and children. PEPFAR has also enabled 5.5 million babies to be born HIV-free to parents living with HIV and is directly supporting over 327,000 health workers to deliver and improve HIV care and other health services. Strong partnerships with countries and communities are key to these successes, along with U.S. Government support for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and MalariaExit Disclaimer.